Game sense, how do we develop it? PE Teacher & regular PDP contributor, Sporticus shares his innovative approach to PE and helping his students develop skill and game understanding in cricket through realistic scenarios, interactions and guided discovery.
As a department we have over timed moved away from ‘sport as sports technique’ method of teaching sports within our curriculum to ‘sport as tactical concepts’. This is in the belief that:
- The game sets the context of learning and gives that learning some meaning.
- Play is the true environment within PE and results in improved and sustained motivation.
- Technique cannot be separated from decision making if we want to help create confident and competent movers within sport.
This process started over 6 years ago and whilst buy in for rugby and football was immediate and has been slowly refined, cricket was resistant to any change. All of us had been taught and have taught cricket in the traditional way and found it difficult to conceptualise a very technical game taught through mainly through games. We were addicted to ‘Grip, Stance, Backlift’ and giving up seemed impossible. This year though we decided to go cold turkey and embrace a Game Sense approach to teaching cricket to 150 boys in Year 7. It has been one of the most challenging things I have done to date within my teaching career, but possibly one of the most rewarding.
Before implementing our Game Sense cricket curriculum we had a departmental ‘pre-mortem‘ meeting. This is where we came up with as many ideas of why this approach might fail. We discussed many potential problems but the three biggest for us were time constraints (lesson and unit), meaning for the children and our own expectations of what a good cricket lesson looks like. In our planning we overcame the first problem by asking our ground staff to paint out 20 rectangle pitches of 32m by 40m and deciding to teach for an extended period of time (15 lessons). We over came the second problem by ending the unit by having a tournament which every pupil participated and contributed to in some level (A Game Sense/Sport Education Hybrid?). The third would only be solved by patience and support. Patience with the children, with each other and with the process. We were all in this together and therefore would be supportive of each others endeavours even if they resulted in poor outcomes.
In our first lesson we taught the pupils how to set up quickly for a game of 8 player Kanga Cricket ensuring they knew the rules and could officiate the game themselves. Our focus was ensuring they could handle any disputes and that they were supportive of each other when making mistakes. Whilst we taught technique and game context through many varied games we always came back to Kanga Cricket as a way of judging performance and learning.
Every member of the department was allowed to experiment with their teaching as long as we stuck to five key principles:
- Design the learning environment
- Ask questions to generate dialogue and thinking
- Provide opportunities for formulating, testing and evaluating solutions
- Start with play, but don’t ignore preparation or practice
- Develop a supportive environment
And that we use the same terminology when discussing the principles of play:
- When batting – don’t get out and score runs
- When fielding – get batsmen out and reduce runs scored
I decided to focus on batting and used a mental representation of ‘going through the gears’ to guide the purpose to my teaching, the design of games and the formulation of questions.
Shane Pill describes Game Sense as flexible and ‘non-linear’ where the aim is the development of ‘thinking players’. He offers a clear and practical model to implement when teaching, however I have found the realities of teaching through Game Sense a little more complex. Game 1 is the starting game of the lesson. After explaining and allowing the children to play, they are taken through guided reflection mainly through questioning. The reflection may result in the following outcomes:
An answer to the problems experienced in Game 1. They are then given time to implement their solution.
Difficulties highlighted in Game 1. They are then given a deliberate practice that can help them over come those difficulties before going back to Game 1.
If Game 1 and practice does not help then pupils can Play Game 0. This is a game that still focuses on the behaviour required in Game 1 but with less decision making and complexity. This is brought about usually by changing the rules of the game or modified the equipment.
The problems in Game 1 have been solved therefore progress to Game 2. This is a more complex game but still focused on the learning intention. Pupils could end up playing different versions of this more complex game, depending on their current understanding and performance.
This can end up with a very chaotic lesson with children moving between games, from game to practice and back again and from more less complex games to more complex games back into Kanga cricket to see if what they have learnt has been trasnferred. All the time this is driven by their reflections and answers to the questions we posed. It requires a huge amount of judgement by the teacher and I have realised that I am a very long way off from this, especially in cricket as my previous teaching me has protected me from this level of decision making.
Believe in the Leave is an example of a lesson where the focus of batting was on the principle ‘don’t get out’ by staying in Gear 1. Essentially they needed to play with a straight bat or be confident enough to know where their stumps are in relation to the pitch of the ball. Through play, questioning to prompt reflection on play, practice and manipulation of the rules of the game (through Gene Schembri’s CHANGE IT formula) pupils could be consistently challenged through increasing or decreasing the complexity of the activity they were involved in depending on their performance, reflections and my observation.
Game Sense is certainly not a ‘roll out the ball’ way of teaching sport. It also doesn’t reposition the game as the teacher. The teacher is still the teacher and it requires us to be deliberate about the purpose of the games being designed and intentional with the questions being asked. It has highlighted that my questioning is still very weak, as I often found myself playing ‘guess what the teacher is thinking’ rather than guiding their attention and reflections to the learning intentions of the game. Game Sense also still has a place for technical practice away from the game, but that technical practice now has context and meaning for the pupil. I have found teaching this way far harder than my traditional technical way of teaching cricket. It is far messier, it has pushed my subject knowledge and I have made lots of errors with the games I have designed. However I have learned a lot going through the process and will take those lessons into my teaching next year. Developing any new teaching method takes practice, reflection time and patience over years not just a lesson or unit. In the end though stepping back and watching 150 boys set up, play and officiate a game of Kanga cricket themselves is genuinely one of the best moments of my teaching career to date.
Game Sense does not solve the issue children asking questions about playing a game in the lesson. They still remain. However they had changed from ‘will we play a game today’ to ‘what game will we be playing today’ and that’s a change I can live with.
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